Browsing by Author "Yadav, P"

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
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    Antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence genes of Streptococcus agalactiae serotypes of Indian origin
    (2023) Verma, S; Kumari, M; Pathak, A; Yadav, V; Johri, AK; Yadav, P
    Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a causative agent of various infections in newborns, immunocompro mised (especially diabetic) non-pregnant adults, and pregnant women. Antibiotic resistance profiling can provide insights into the use of antibiotic prophylaxis against potential GBS infections. Virulence factors are responsible for host–bacteria interactions, pathogenesis, and biofilm development strategies. The aim of this study was to deter mine the biofilm formation capacity, presence of virulence genes, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clinical GBS isolates. Results The resistance rate was highest for penicillin (27%; n = 8 strains) among all the tested antibiotics, which indi cates the emergence of penicillin resistance among GBS strains. The susceptibility rate was highest for ofloxacin (93%; n = 28), followed by azithromycin (90%; n = 27). Most GBS strains (70%; n = 21) were strong biofilm producers and the rest (30%; n = 9) were moderate biofilm producers. The most common virulence genes were cylE (97%), pavA (97%), cfb (93%), and lmb (90%). There was a negative association between having a strong biofilm formation phenotype and penicillin susceptibility, according to Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Conclusion About a third of GBS strains exhibited penicillin resistance and there was a negative association between having a strong biofilm formation phenotype and penicillin susceptibility. Further, both the strong and moderate biofilm producers carried most of the virulence genes tested for, and the strong biofilm formation phenotype was not associated with the presence of any virulence genes.
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    Biocompatible Drug Delivery System Based on a MOF Platform for a Sustained and Controlled Release of the Poorly Soluble Drug Norfloxacin
    (2023-07) Yadav, P; Kumari, S; Yadav, A; Bhardwaj, P; Maruthi, M
    Norfloxacin (NFX), an important antibacterial fluoroquinolone, is a class IVdrugaccording to thebiopharma ceutics classification system(BCS) and has low solubility and permeabilityissues.Suchpoorphysicochemicalpropertiesofdrug molecules leadtopoordeliveryandareof seriousconcerntothe pharmaceutical industryforclinicaldevelopment.Wepresenthere aconceptuallynewapproachtodeliverNFX,byloadingthedrug moleculeontheporousplatformofabiocompatiblemetal−organic framework(MOF),MIL-100(Fe).Theloadingof thedrugonthe MOFleadingtoNFX@MIL-100(Fe)wascharacterizedbyFourier transforminfrared(FTIR),UV−visiblespectroscopy, thermogravi metric analyses (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption studies. Controlledexperiments resulted in thehigh loadingof thedrug molecule(∼20wt%)alongwiththedesiredsustainedrelease.Wecouldfurthercontrol thereleaseofnorfloxacinbycoatingdrug loadedMIL-100(Fe) with PEG, PEG{NFX@MIL-100(Fe)}. Both drug delivery systems (DDSs), NFX@MIL-100(Fe) and PEG{NFX@MIL-100(Fe)},weretestedfortheirbiocompatibilitythroughtoxicitystudies.TheDDSsarebiocompatibleandshow insignificant cytotoxicity, as revealed by cell viability studies through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.
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    Biocompatible Drug Delivery System Based on a MOF Platform for a Sustained and Controlled Release of the Poorly Soluble Drug Norfloxacin
    (2023-07) Yadav, P; Kumari, S; Yadav, A; Bhardwaj, P
    ABSTRACT: Norfloxacin (NFX), an important antibacterial fluoroquinolone, is a class IV drug according to the biopharma ceutics classification system (BCS) and has low solubility and permeability issues. Such poor physicochemical properties of drug molecules lead to poor delivery and are of serious concern to the pharmaceutical industry for clinical development. We present here a conceptually new approach to deliver NFX, by loading the drug molecule on the porous platform of a biocompatible metal−organic framework (MOF), MIL-100(Fe). The loading of the drug on the MOF leading to NFX@MIL-100(Fe) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV−visible spectroscopy, thermogravi metric analyses (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption studies. Controlled experiments resulted in the high loading of the drug molecule (∼20 wt %) along with the desired sustained release. We could further control the release of norfloxacin by coating drug loaded MIL-100(Fe) with PEG, PEG{NFX@MIL-100(Fe)}. Both drug delivery systems (DDSs), NFX@MIL-100(Fe) and PEG{NFX@MIL-100(Fe)}, were tested for their biocompatibility through toxicity studies. The DDSs are biocompatible and show insignificant cytotoxicity, as revealed by cell viability studies through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
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    Deciphering Streptococcal Biofilms
    (2020-11) Yadav, P; Verma, S; Bauer, R
    Streptococci are a diverse group of bacteria, which are mostly commensals but also cause a considerable proportion of life-threatening infections. They colonize many different host niches such as the oral cavity, the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. While these host compartments impose different environmental conditions, many streptococci form biofilms on mucosal membranes facilitating their prolonged survival. In response to environmental conditions or stimuli, bacteria experience profound physiologic and metabolic changes during biofilm formation. While investigating bacterial cells under planktonic and biofilm conditions, various genes have been identified that are important for the initial step of biofilm formation. Expression patterns of these genes during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth suggest a highly regulated and complex process. Biofilms as a bacterial survival strategy allow evasion of host immunity and protection against antibiotic therapy. However, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated bacteria cause disease are poorly understood. Therefore, advanced molecular techniques are employed to identify gene(s) or protein(s) as targets for the development of antibiofilm therapeutic approaches. We review our current understanding of biofilm formation in different streptococci and how biofilm production may alter virulence-associated characteristics of these species. In addition, we have summarized the role of surface proteins especially pili proteins in biofilm formation. This review will provide an overview of strategies which may be exploited for developing novel approaches against biofilm-related streptococcal infections.
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    Fibonacci wavelet method for the numerical solution of a fractional relaxation–oscillation model
    (2023-10) Jahan, S; Ahmed, S; Yadav, P; Nisar, K
    In this paper, we have discussed the Fibonacci wavelet (FW) framework for numerical simulations of the fractional relaxation–oscillation model (FROM). Firstly, the fractional order operational matrices of integration associated with the FW are constructed via the block pulse functions. The operational matrices merged with the collocation method are used to convert the given problem into a system of algebraic equations that is solved by the Newton method. We conduct error analysis, perform numerical simulations, and present the corresponding results to establish the credibility and practical applicability of the proposed technique. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of our approach. To show the accuracy of the FW-based numerical technique, the approximate solutions of FROM are compared with the exact solution and other existing methods. This research opens up new possibilities for using FW as a powerful tool for addressing complex mathematical problems in real-world systems.
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    Fractional order mathematical model of Ebola virus under Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo operator
    (2023-11) Yadav, P; Jahan, S; Nisar, K
    The aim of this paper is to analyze a fractional model of the Ebola virus. This study is important because it contributes to our understanding of the Ebola virus transmission dynamics using the notion of non-local differential operators. We aim to apply the recently implemented Atangana– Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) fractional derivative with the Mittag-Leffler kernel to study the Ebola virus model closely. The Picard–Lindelof approach is used to do a comprehensive study of the existence and uniqueness of the model’s solutions. The approximate solutions of the fractional order Ebola virus model were obtained using a numerical technique with the ABC operator, a combination of the fundamental theorem of fractional calculus and the two-step Lagrange polynomial interpolation. This innovative approach may offer new insights into the Ebola virus model that were not previously explored. Finally, the numerical simulations illustrate how the control parameters impact specific compartments within the model. The geometrical representation gives significant information about the model’s complexity and reliable infor mation about the model. We simulate each model compartment at various fractional orders and compare them with integer-order simulations, highlighting the effectiveness of modern derivatives. The fractional analysis underscores the enhanced accuracy of non-integer order derivatives in capturing the Ebola virus model’s dynamics.
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    Fractional-order modelling and analysis of diabetes mellitus: Utilizing the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo (ABC) operator
    (2023-09) Yadav, P; Jahan, S; Shah, K
    This article aims to introduce and analyze a diabetes mellitus model of fractional order, utilizing the ABC derivative. Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent and significant disease worldwide, ranking among the top causes of mortality. It is characterized by chronic metabolic dysfunction, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and subsequent damage to vital organs including the nerves, kidneys, eyes, blood vessels, and heart. The fractional ABC derivative is used in this study to describe and analyzediabetes mellitus mathematically while removing hereditary influences. The investigation begins by exploring the initial points of the diabetes mellitus model. Under the fractional ABC operator, Picard’s theorem is used to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions. For the numerical approximation of solutions in the fractional-order diabetes mellitus model, this study used a specialized technique that combines the principles of fractional calculus and a two-step Lagrange polynomial interpolation. Finally, the obtained results are visually presented through graphical representations, serving as empirical evidence to support our theoretical findings. The numerical experiments showed that the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus increased as the fractional dimension (𝜃) reduced. The combination of mathematical modelling, analysis, and numerical simulations provides insights into the dynamics of diabetes mellitus, offering valuable contributions to the understanding and management of this prevalent disease. Additionally, the proposed scheme can be enhanced by incorporating the ABC operator, allowing for the simulation of real-world dynamics and behavior in the coexistence of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis.
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    Fractional-order modelling and analysis of diabetes mellitus: Utilizing the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo (ABC) operator
    (2023-09) Yadav, P; Jahan, S; Shah, K
    This article aims to introduce and analyze a diabetes mellitus model of fractional order, utilizing the ABC derivative. Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent and significant disease worldwide, ranking among the top causes of mortality. It is characterized by chronic metabolic dysfunction, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and subsequent damage to vital organs including the nerves, kidneys, eyes, blood vessels, and heart. The fractional ABC derivative is used in this study to describe and analyze diabetes mellitus mathematically while removing hereditary influences. The investigation begins by exploring the initial points of the diabetes mellitus model. Under the fractional ABC operator, Picard’s theorem is used to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions. For the numerical approximation of solutions in the fractional-order diabetes mellitus model, this study used a specialized technique that combines the principles of fractional calculus and a two-step Lagrange polynomial interpolation. Finally, the obtained results are visually presented through graphical representations, serving as empirical evidence to support our theoretical findings. The numerical experiments showed that the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus increased as the fractional dimension (𝜃) reduced. The combination of mathematical modelling, analysis, and numerical simulations provides insights into the dynamics of diabetes mellitus, offering valuable contributions to the understanding and management of this prevalent disease. Additionally, the proposed scheme can be enhanced by incorporating the ABC operator, allowing for the simulation of real-world dynamics and behavior in the coexistence of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis.
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    G-Quadruplex Structures in Bacteria: Biological Relevance and Potential as an Antimicrobial Target
    (2021-06) Yadav, P; Kim, N; Kumari, M
    DNA strands consisting of multiple runs of guanines can adopt a nonca nonical, four-stranded DNA secondary structure known as G-quadruplex or G4 DNA. G4 DNA is thought to play an important role in transcriptional and translational regulation of genes, DNA replication, genome stability, and oncogene expression in eukaryotic genomes. In other organisms, including several bacterial pathogens and some plant species, the biological roles of G4 DNA and G4 RNA are starting to be explored. Recent investigations showed that G4 DNA and G4 RNA are generally con served across plant species. In silico analyses of several bacterial genomes identified putative guanine-rich, G4 DNA-forming sequences in promoter regions. The sequen ces were particularly abundant in certain gene classes, suggesting that these highly diverse structures can be employed to regulate the expression of genes involved in secondary metabolite synthesis and signal transduction. Furthermore, in the patho gen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the distribution of G4 motifs and their potential role in the regulation of gene transcription advocate for the use of G4 ligands to develop novel antitubercular therapies. In this review, we discuss the various roles of G4 structures in bacterial DNA and the application of G4 DNA as inhibitors or therapeu tic agents to address bacterial pathogens.
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    In silico investigation of antioxidant interaction and effect of probiotic fermentation on antioxidant profiling of pearl millet-based rabadi beverage
    (2021-12) Yadav, P; Shukla, A; Dhewa, T; Kumar, A
    Pearl millet-based food products can be used for weight control and minimize the possibility of chronic diseases. They have protein, minerals, fat, phenolic compounds, and a diminutive glycemic index. Moreover, Probiotic fermentation can bring specific additional benefits in addition to nutritional improvements. In silico analysis of the chemical-protein interaction of tannic acid and ascorbic acid of pearl millet was undertaken. Further, the role of fortification of rabadi beverage by probiotic culture was also assessed in this study at different temperatures (35, 42, and 45°C) of fermentation. In silico study has predicted the association of both tannic acid and ascorbic acid with the various human proteins responsible for the growth and development of the human immune system. In all used probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus faecalis), L. rhamnosus fortified rabadi beverage at continuous increasing temperature (35, 42, 45 °C) of non-autoclaved batch showed high content of TAC (36.83 ± 5.41 µg mL-1), TPC (46.1 ± 8.28 µg mL-1) and TFC (29.91 ± 7.73 µg mL-1); while decrease in tannins content (14.84 ± 4.64 µg mL-1) as compared to control [TAC (29.32 ± 3.17 µg mL-1), TPC (25.53 ± 5.75 µg mL-1), TFC (21.91 ± 5.95 µg mL-1), and Tannins (20.74 ± 3.43 µg mL-1)]. L. rhamnosus fortified rabadi beverage of non-autoclaved batch showed better results than Lactobacillus sp. and S. faecalis fortified rabadi beverage of both batches (autoclaved and non-autoclaved); which in turn expressed the enhanced therapeutic activity of probiotic fortified rabadi beverage.
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    Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and small RNA sequencing data provides miRNA candidates for engineering agronomically important seed traits in Brassica juncea
    (2023-11) Jain, R; Dhaka, N; Yadav, P; Sharma, M
    Brassica juncea L. is an important oilseed crop that yields edible oil and biofuel. Improving B. juncea seed traits is a primary breeding target, but these traits are genetically complex. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate seed devel opment by modulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional or translational level and are excellent can didates for improving seed traits. However, the roles of miRNAs in B. juncea seed development are yet to be investigated. Here, we report small RNA profiling and miRNA identification from developing seeds of two contrasting varieties of B. juncea, Early Heera2 (EH2) and Pusa Jaikisan (PJK). We identified 326 miRNAs, including 127 known and 199 novel miRNAs, of which 103 exhibited inter-varietal differential expression. Integrating miRNAome and our previous transcriptome data identified 13,683 putative miRNA-target modules. Segregation of differentially expressed miRNAs into different groups based on variety-wise upregulation, fol lowed by comprehensive functional analysis of targets using pathway mapping, gene ontology, transcription factor mapping, and candidate gene analysis, revealed at least 11, 6, and 7 miRNAs as robust candidates for the regulation of seed size, seed coat color, and oil content, respectively. Further, co-localization with previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) proffered 29 and 15 miRNAs overlapping with seed weight and oil content QTLs, respectively. Our study is the first comprehensive report of miRNAome expression dynamics from developing seeds and provides candidate miRNAs and target genes for engineering seed traits in B. juncea.
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    Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and small RNA sequencing data provides miRNA candidates for engineering agronomically important seed traits in Brassica juncea
    (2023-11) Jain, R; Dhaka, N; Yadav, P; Sharma, MK; Danish, MD; Sharma, S; Kumari, S
    Brassica juncea L. is an important oilseed crop that yields edible oil and biofuel. Improving B. juncea seed traits is a primary breeding target, but these traits are genetically complex. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate seed devel opment by modulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional or translational level and are excellent can didates for improving seed traits. However, the roles of miRNAs in B. juncea seed development are yet to be investigated. Here, we report small RNA profiling and miRNA identification from developing seeds of two contrasting varieties of B. juncea, Early Heera2 (EH2) and Pusa Jaikisan (PJK). We identified 326 miRNAs, including 127 known and 199 novel miRNAs, of which 103 exhibited inter-varietal differential expression. Integrating miRNAome and our previous transcriptome data identified 13,683 putative miRNA-target modules. Segregation of differentially expressed miRNAs into different groups based on variety-wise upregulation, fol lowed by comprehensive functional analysis of targets using pathway mapping, gene ontology, transcription factor mapping, and candidate gene analysis, revealed at least 11, 6, and 7 miRNAs as robust candidates for the regulation of seed size, seed coat color, and oil content, respectively. Further, co-localization with previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) proffered 29 and 15 miRNAs overlapping with seed weight and oil content QTLs, respectively. Our study is the first comprehensive report of miRNAome expression dynamics from developing seeds and provides candidate miRNAs and target genes for engineering seed traits in B. juncea.
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    Shifted fractional order Gegenbauer wavelets method for solving electrical circuits model of fractional order
    (2023-10) Yadav, P; Jahan, S; Nisar, K
    This study introduces a novel numerical approach based on shifted fractional-order Gegenbauer wavelets. The technique aims to provide approximate solutions for a certain class of extremely significant fractional models of electrical LC , RC , RL, and RLC circuits. We use a collocated approach to generate numerical solutions for these circuits model by making use of the beneficial characteristics of shifted fractional-order Gegenbauer polynomials (SFGBP). We include a parameter that characterizes the presence of fractional structures inside the models in order to retain the dimensional properties of the physical parameters in the electrical circuits. Several particular instances of the various source terms have also been examined. The main findings include the close resemblance of current fractional-order models to classical cases, variations in current with resistance values, and error reduction through additional series terms. Numerical simulations are shown through geometrical interpretation to illustrate the exactness and reliability of our technique.
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    Solving fractional Bagley-Torvik equation by fractional order Fibonacci wavelet arising in fluid mechanics
    (2023-05) Yadav, P; Jahan, S; Nisar, K
    This study introduces a new fractional order Fibonacci wavelet technique proposed for solving the frac tional Bagley-Torvik equation (BTE), along with the block pulse functions. To convert the specified initial and boundary value problems into algebraic equations, the Riemann–Liouville (R-L) fractional integral operator is defined, and the operational matrices of fractional integrals (OMFI) are built. This numerical scheme’s performance is evaluated and examined on particular problems to show its proficiency and effectiveness, and other methods that are accessible in the current literature are compared. The numer ical results demonstrate that the approach produces extremely precise results and is computationally more decisive than previous methods.