Browsing by Author "Singh, S"
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Item Correction to: Unlocking the potential of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in breast cancer treatment(2023-09) Thapa, R; Ali, H; Gupta, G; Dua, K; Singh, SThe originally published article co-author “Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi” name is afliated with “Depart ment of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan” and It should be replaced with the “Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia”Item Efficient two‑step lactic acid production from cassava biomass using thermostable enzyme cocktail and lactic acid bacteria: insights from hydrolysis optimization and proteomics analysis(2020-08) Sharma, A; Kumar, P; Singh, SLactic acid is an intermediate-volume specialty chemical, used in the production of biodegradable polymers and other chemi cals. Although lactic acid production process is well established, however, the cost of production is very high. Therefore, in this study; starchy biomass (cassava) was hydrolyzed with in-house enzyme cocktail prepared from Aspergillus foetidus MTCC508 and Bacillus subtilis RA10. Process optimization using Taguchi experimental design helped to optimize the most efective ratio of fungal and bacterial amylase for efective saccharifcation of cassava. A higher sugar yield of 379.63 mg/ gds was obtained under optimized conditions, using 30 U/gds of bacterial enzyme and 90 U/gds of the fungal enzyme at pH 4 within 48 h of saccharifcation. Among 11 lactic acid bacteria isolated, Lactobacillus fermentum S1A and Lactobacillus farraginis SS3A produced the highest amount of lactic acid 0.81 g/g and 0.77 g/g, respectively, from the cassava hydro lysate. The study proved the potential renewable source of cassava biomass as a source for fermentable sugars that can be fermented to lactic acid with high yield. In future, this cost-efective and environmental-friendly bioprocess can be upscaled for industrial lactic acid productionItem Folate conjugated albumin as a targeted nanocarrier for the delivery of fisetin: in silico and in vitro biological studies(2024-02) Solanki, R; Srivastav, A; Patel, S; Singh, S; Jhodha, BFisetin (FST), a natural flavonoid compound derived from various fruits and vegetables, including apple, strawberry, and onion, demonstrates potential for a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, including potential anticancer properties. However, challenges such as low bioavailability, poor aqueous solubility, and limited permeability restrict the use of FST in the pharmaceutical sector. Nowadays, targeted nanomedicines have garnered attention to overcome limitations associated with phytochemicals, including FST. In the present study, we have designed and successfully prepared folate-targeted FST nanoparticles (FFNPs). Characterization through DLS and FE-SEM revealed the successful preparation of monodisperse (PDI: 0.117), nanoscale-sized (150 nm), and spherical nanoparticles. Physicochemical characterization including FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TGA analysis, confirmed the encapsulation of the FST within the Folic acid (FA) – conjugated nanoparticles (CNPs) and revealed its amorphous nature. Molecular docking analysis revealed the strong binding affinity and specific amino acid interactions involved in the BSA–FST–FA complex, suggesting the potential synergistic effect of FST and FA in enhancing the therapeutic activity of the FFANPs. Cytotoxic assessments by the MTT assay, migration assay, AO-EtBr staining assay, colony formation assay, and cellular uptake study demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy, apoptosis induction, and enhanced uptake of FFNPs compared to pure FST. These findings propose prepared FFNPs as a promising targeted drug delivery nanocarrier for effective FST delivery in cancer therapy.Item A Gene Expression Atlas of the Domestic Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)(2019-07) Young, R; Lefevre, L; Bush, S; Joshy, A; Singh, S; Jadhav, S; Dhanikachalam, V; Lisowski, Z; Iamartino, D; Summers, K; Williams, J; Archibald, A; Gokhale, S; Kumar, S; Hume, DThe domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) makes a major contribution to the global agricultural economy in the form of milk, meat, hides, and draught power. The global water buffalo population is predominantly found in Asia, and per head of population more people depend upon the buffalo than on any other livestock species. Despite its agricultural importance, there are comparatively fewer genomic and transcriptomic resources available for buffalo than for other livestock species. We have generated a large-scale gene expression atlas covering multiple tissue and cell types from all major organ systems collected from three breeds of riverine water buffalo (Mediterranean, Pandharpuri and Bhadawari) and used the network analysis tool Graphia Professional to identify clusters of genes with similar expression profiles. Alongside similar data, we and others have generated for ruminants as part of the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes Consortium; this comprehensive transcriptome supports functional annotation and comparative analysis of the water buffalo genome.Item Molecular characterization of Wdr13 knockout female mice uteri: a model for human endometrial hyperplasia(2020) Singh, S; Pavuluri, S; Lakshmi, B; Biswa, B; Venkatachalam, B; Tripura, C; Kumar, SEndometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a condition where uterine endometrial glands show excessive proliferation of epithelial cells that may subsequently progress into endometrial cancer (EC). Modern lifestyle disorders such as obesity, hormonal changes and hyperinsulinemia are known risk factors for EH. A mouse strain that mimics most of these risk factors would be an ideal model to study the stage wise progression of EH disease and develop suitable treatment strategies. Wdr13, an X-linked gene, is evolutionarily conserved and expressed in several tissues including uteri. In the present study, Wdr13 knockout female mice developed benign proliferative epithelium that progressed into EH at around one year of age accompanied by an increase in body weight and elevated estradiol levels. Molecular characterization studies revealed increase in ERα, PI3K and a decrease in PAX2 and ERβ proteins in Wdr13 mutant mice uteri. Further, a decrease in the mRNA levels of cell cycle inhibitors, namely; p21 and cyclin G2 was seen. Leukocyte infltration was observed in the uterine tissue of knockout mice at around 12 months of age. These physiological, molecular and pathological patterns were similar to those routinely seen in human EH disease and demonstrated the importance of WDR13 in mice uterine tissue. Thus, the genetic loss of Wdr13 in these mice led to mimicking of the human EH associated metabolic disorders making Wdr13 knockout female mice a potential animal model to study human endometrial hyperplasia.Item Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) integrated phytotechnology: A sustainable approach for remediation of marginal lands(2022-10) Poria, V; Debiec-Andrzejewska, K; Fiodor, A; Lyzohub, M; Ajijah, N; Singh, SLand that has little to no utility for agriculture or industry is considered marginal land. This kind of terrain is frequently found on the edge of deserts or other arid regions. The amount of land that can be used for agriculture continues to be constrained by increasing desertification, which is being caused by climate change and the deterioration of agriculturally marginal areas. Plants and associated microorganisms are used to remediate and enhance the soil quality of marginal land. They represent a low-cost and usually long-term solution for restoring soil fertility. Among various phytoremediation processes (viz., phytodegradation, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, phytofiltration, phytostimulation, and phytodesalination), the employment of a specific mechanism is determined by the state of the soil, the presence and concentration of contaminants, and the plant species involved. This review focuses on the key economically important plants used for phytoremediation, as well as the challenges to plant growth and phytoremediation capability with emphasis on the advantages and limits of plant growth in marginal land soil. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) boost plant development and promote soil bioremediation by secreting a variety of metabolites and hormones, through nitrogen fixation, and by increasing other nutrients’ bioavailability through mineral solubilization. This review also emphasizes the role of PGPB under different abiotic stresses, including heavy-metal contaminated land, high salinity environments, and organic contaminants. In our opinion, the improved soil fertility of marginal lands using PGPB with economically significant plants (e.g., Miscanthus) in dual precession technology will result in the reclamation of general agriculture as well as the restoration of native vegetation.Item Realization of a green-emitting pyrosilicate structured Er3+-activated Y2Si2O7 phosphor: a systematic study of opto-electronic characteristics and thermal stability for lighting applications(2024-05) Kumar, P; Singh, D; Singh, S; Kumar, H; Kumar, RA series of green-emitting Y2−xSi2O7:xEr3+ phosphors (x = 1–7 mol%) have been successfully synthesized using a straightforward gel-combustion method facilitated by urea. X-ray diffraction analysis provided specific patterns for samples, confirming a consistent triclinic phase across erbium-doped structures compared to undoped structures. Studies using TEM and EDX were conducted to identify the surface related characteristics and chemical composition of the synthesized nanophosphor, respectively. The band gap was determined to be 5.55 eV and 5.80 eV for the host material and optimal sample, respectively. The primary peak of excitation, observed at 379 nm, represents the highly sensitive electric dipole transition from the 4 I15/2 state to the 4 G11/2 level, suggesting that the prepared phosphors could effectively absorb NUV light for activation. The PL profiles of Y2−xSi2O7:xEr3+ (x = 1–7 mol%) phosphors demonstrate characteristic emissions at 409 nm (2 H9/2 / 4 I15/2), 522 nm (2 H11/2 / 4 I15/2), 553 nm (4 S3/2 / 4 I15/2) and 662 nm (4 F9/2 / 4 I15/2). In accordance with Dexter's theory, luminescence quenching observed at a concentration of 4 mol% Er3+ is attributed to dipole-quadrupole interactions. The optimal sample demonstrates excellent thermal stability, indicated by its luminescence at different temperatures and activation energy of 0.2641 eV. Additionally, the CIE, color purity and CCT values of the fabricated nanomaterials make it ideal for use in lighting applications.Item SEIAQRDT model for the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A case study in India(2020-11) Kumari, P; Singh, H; Singh, SCOVID-19 is a global pandemic declared by WHO. This pandemic requires the execution of planned control strate gies, incorporating quarantine, self-isolation, and tracing of asymptomatic cases. Mathematical modeling is one of the prominent techniques for predicting and controlling the spread of COVID-19. The predictions of earlier proposed epidemiological models (e.g. SIR, SEIR, SIRD, SEIRD, etc.) are not much accurate due to lack of consideration for transmission of the epidemic during the latent period. Moreover, it is important to classify infected individuals to control this pandemic. Therefore, a new mathematical model is proposed to incorporate infected individuals based on whether they have symptoms or not. This model forecasts the number of cases more accurately, which may help in better planning of control strategies. The model consists of eight compartments: susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), asymptomatic (A), quarantined (Q), recovered (R), deaths (D), and insusceptible (T), accumulatively named as SEIAQRDT. This model is employed to predict the pandemic results for India and its majorly affected states. The estimated number of cases using the SEIAQRDT model is compared with SIRD, SEIR, and LSTM models. The relative error square analysis is used to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. The simulation is done on real datasets and results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. These results may help the government and individuals to make the planning in this pandemic situation.Item Statistical inference based on generalized Lindley record values(2019-10) Singh, S; Dey, S; Kumar, DThis paper addresses the problems of frequentist and Bayesian estimation for the unknown parameters of generalized Lindley distribution based on lower record values. We first derive the exact explicit expressions for the single and product moments of lower record values, and then use these results to compute the means, variances and covariance between two lower record values. We next obtain the maximum likelihood estimators and associated asymptotic confidence intervals. Furthermore, we obtain Bayes estimators under the assumption of gamma priors on both the shape and the scale parameters of the generalized Lindley distribution, and associated the highest posterior density interval estimates. The Bayesian estimation is studied with respect to both symmetric (squared error) and asymmetric (linear-exponential (LINEX)) loss functions. Finally, we compute Bayesian predictive estimates and predictive interval estimates for the future record values. To illustrate the findings, one real data set is analyzed, and Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the proposed methods of estimation and prediction.