Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) integrated phytotechnology: A sustainable approach for remediation of marginal lands
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Date
2022-10
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Abstract
Land that has little to no utility for agriculture or industry is considered marginal
land. This kind of terrain is frequently found on the edge of deserts or other arid
regions. The amount of land that can be used for agriculture continues to be
constrained by increasing desertification, which is being caused by climate
change and the deterioration of agriculturally marginal areas. Plants and
associated microorganisms are used to remediate and enhance the soil
quality of marginal land. They represent a low-cost and usually long-term
solution for restoring soil fertility. Among various phytoremediation processes
(viz., phytodegradation, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization,
phytofiltration, phytostimulation, and phytodesalination), the employment of a
specific mechanism is determined by the state of the soil, the presence and
concentration of contaminants, and the plant species involved. This review
focuses on the key economically important plants used for phytoremediation,
as well as the challenges to plant growth and phytoremediation capability with
emphasis on the advantages and limits of plant growth in marginal land soil.
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) boost plant development and
promote soil bioremediation by secreting a variety of metabolites and
hormones, through nitrogen fixation, and by increasing other nutrients’
bioavailability through mineral solubilization. This review also emphasizes the
role of PGPB under different abiotic stresses, including heavy-metal
contaminated land, high salinity environments, and organic contaminants. In
our opinion, the improved soil fertility of marginal lands using PGPB with
economically significant plants (e.g., Miscanthus) in dual precession technology
will result in the reclamation of general agriculture as well as the restoration of
native vegetation.