A biorefinery approach for the production of ferulic acid from agroresidues through ferulic acid esterase of lactic acid bacteria
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
3 Biotech
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a known precursor for vanillin production but the significance of agro waste as substrates for its extraction,
in combination with microbes is a less explored option. Various lactic acid bacteria were screened for the production of
ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and Enterococcus lactis SR1 was found to produce maximum FAE (7.54 ± 0.15 IU/ml) in the
synthetic medium under submerged fermentation. To make the process cost effective, various lignocellulosic agroresidues
were evaluated for the production of FAE from the bacterium. It was found that wheat bran serves as the best substrate for
FAE production (4.18 ± 0.12 IU/ml) from E. lactis SR1. Further, optimization of fermentation conditions for FAE production
from E. lactis SR1 using wheat bran as carbon source led to an increase in the enzyme production (7.09 ± 0.21 IU/ml) by
1.5 fold. The FAE produced was used alone or in combination with commercial holocellulase for biological release of FA
from the tested agroresidues. The highest release of FA (mg/g) by enzymatic extraction occurred in sugarbeet pulp (2.56),
followed by maize bran (1.45), wheat bran (1.39) and rice bran (0.87), when both the enzymes (FAE and holocellulase) were
used together. Alkaline extraction and purification of ferulic acid (FA) from these agro residues also showed that sugarbeet
pulp contains the highest amount of FA (5.5 mg/g) followed by maize bran (3.0 mg/g), wheat bran (2.8 mg/g) and rice bran
(1.9 mg/g), similar to the trend obtained in biological/enzymatic extraction of FA from these residues. Furthermore, the
substrates were found to release higher reducing sugars when both commercial holocellulase and FAE were used in combination
than by the use of holocellulase alone. Thus, FAEs not only release FA but also enabled hemicellulase and cellulase
to release more sugars from plant material.
Description
Keywords
Ferulic acid · Ferulic acid esterase · Lignocellulosic biomass · Lactic acid bacteria · Biorefinery