Myceliophthora thermophila: A nature-borne biotechnologist converting agricultural biomass into renewable energy and bioproducts

Abstract
Agricultural residues, rich source of cellulose and hemicellulose, are generated in huge amount during harvesting of crops. Bioconversion of this solid lignocellulosic biomass to value-added products with the help of microbes may provide an alternate source of renewable energy and other products. Among microorganisms, thermophilic fungi are most promising because they have to adapt to their natural habitat by developing a complex system. Myceliophthora thermophila is a remarkably powerful lignocellulolytic fungus that generates an array of enzymes implicated in the break-down of this biomass. The biochemical, genomic, and secretome analyses of this fungus have revealed an elaborate enzymatic repertoire that includes hemicellulases, cellulases, laccases, and other enzymes having auxiliary activities, thereby including almost all the known CAZy families. These enzymes are useful in complete deconstruction of the lignocellulosic biomass. The mould is amenable to grow efficiently in submerged and solid-state fermentations using agro-residues and is efficient in biomass degradation at moderate as well as at high temperatures because of high thermal stability of these enzymes. Thermostable enzymes of M. thermophila require lesser time for saccharification of various plant-based polysaccharides in comparison to hydrolytic enzymes from mesophilic fungi. Also, the fungus secretes various important biomolecules of multi farious biotechnological applications using lignocellulose as substrate.
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