A Review on the Fate of Emerging Contaminants in Landfill Leachate: Insights from Conventional Treatment Approaches

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dc.contributor.authorKumar, Smita S.
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-27T10:03:49Z
dc.date.available2026-03-27T10:03:49Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractLandfill leachate is a dark-colored, complex liquid formed by the percolation of water through municipal solid waste, containing diverse array of emerging contaminants. Reported concen trations include pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen (2–1,500 µg/L) and carbamazepine (up to 800 µg/L), personal care products like triclosan (50–3,200 µg/L), pesticides (50–1,200 µg/L), phthalates such as Di(2 ethylhexyl) phthalate (up to 5.3 mg/L), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (20–600 µg/L), polychlorin ated biphenyls (0.1–50 µg/L), per- and polyfluoro alkyl substances (up to 6,200 ng/L), microplastics (102–104 particles/L), and endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (0.5–1,800 µg/L). These contaminants persist in the environment, resist natural degradation, Highlights • Conventional treatments only partially remove emerging contaminants (ECs) in leachate. • EC removal depends on physicochemical properties and applied treatment process. • Fate of ECs includes adsorption, partial biodegradation, and environmental persistence. • Hybrid and integrated treatments achieve higher EC removal than standalone methods. • Treatment limitations indicate the need for optimized hybrid systems and monitoring. and thereby posing significant ecological and health risks. The conventional biological treatments, includ ing activated sludge and anaerobic digestion, achieve only partial removal (20–60% for pharmaceuti cals; < 30% for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Physico-chemical processes such as coagulation-floc culation, advanced oxidation, and membrane filtration provide higher removal rates (60–95%) but remain energy-intensive, costly, and prone to secondary pol lution. There is no single treatment that ensures com plete elimination, underscoring the inadequacy of tra ditional methods. Recent advances, including hybrid membrane bioreactors, advanced oxidation processes, and bioelectrochemical technologies, achieve more than 90% removal of selected contaminants. The study focuses on the occurrence and fate of emerg ing contaminants in landfill leachate, evaluates the performance of existing treatment technologies, and compares regulatory frameworks across different countries. The insights aim to guide the development of sustainable and integrated strategies for effective leachate management.
dc.identifier.urihttp://cuh.ndl.gov.in/handle/123456789/1859
dc.language.isoen
dc.titleA Review on the Fate of Emerging Contaminants in Landfill Leachate: Insights from Conventional Treatment Approaches
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