Current scenario and challenges in recycling of human urine generated at source in rail coaches as resource
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Date
2023-07
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Abstract
The current scenario of human urine being directly discharged
into the environment without recycling, despite being an
economical source of fertilizer. Train coaches are the major
source of large-scale urine waste generation. Adopting a cir
cular economy creates significant synergies toward usages of
water generated after nutrient recovery from urine. Some
advanced decentralized treatment systems, such as electro
chemical, bioelectrical, or reverse osmosis, would be useful to
treat and recover nutrients from urine waste/wastewater. The
laborious and costly affair of removing nutrients like N, P, and K
from human urine needed a sustainable solution. These
recovered nutrients can be reused as fertilizers in irrigation
and, indirectly, in large-scale biodiesel production by being
used in microalgae cultivation. However, the potential of
reusing human urine waste is yet to be explored commercially.
Additionally, artificial intelligence may be explored with sus
tainable approaches for urine separation and recycling soon.