Recent advances in the protective role of metallic nanoparticles in red blood cells
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Date
2021-12
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Abstract
The interaction of nanoparticles with the biological system has increased with the increasing popularity of nanomedicines.
Red blood cells (RBCs) are very sensitive, and abundant cells in the blood. They are highly prone to oxidative damage due
to constant interaction with oxygen itself, foreign particles in the blood, and the lack of repair mechanism. The cell mem
brane of RBCs undergoes lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and heme degradation which results in altered membrane
permeability, changes in the morphology, and functioning of RBCs. The nanoparticles induce oxidative stress, hemolysis,
morphological changes, membrane deformability, and alterations in hemoglobin structure in RBCs. In this review, the effects
of metallic nanoparticles and their modifications on the physiology, and life span of RBCs are discussed. The detailed analy
sis of the antioxidant enzymes-like activity of metal nanoparticles is expected to highlight the beneficial use of these metal
nanoparticles in RBCs against oxidative stress and the development of new biosafe nanodrugs.