Elimination of lymphatic filariasis: Where do we stand so far?
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Date
2023-09
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Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (LF), an asymptomatic, acute, and chronic
condition in human beings, is the second most common vector-borne
disease after malaria. According to the World Health Organization,
there are 120 million LF cases detected in 81 tropical and subtropical
countries, and one billion people are at risk. Therefore, the Global
Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000,
with the primary objective of stopping LF transmission among all
at-risk groups using mass drug administration (MDA), managing
morbidities, and preventing LF-related impairments using a
minimum treatment package. Additionally, other programs such
as epidemiological assessment including National Filaria Control
Program and World Health Organization recommended routine and
pre-MDA microfilaremia surveys also implemented to stop the LF
transmission. The routine filaria surveys were also carried out in
around 2 000-4 000 individuals/month throughout the year whereas
pre-MDA surveys were also conducted every year in approximately
4 000 individuals in four fixed and four random sites. Furthermore,
the Transmission Assessment Survey was also conducted to check
the risk of LF among primary school children. Moreover, potential
diagnostic methods, systematic surveillance regimes, the Direct
Network Report system, and regular trainings and awareness may be
also effective in preventing the recurrence of LF. Hence, this review
emphasizes the potential advocacy tools and various strategies as
well as procedures for monitoring, which could be impactful in
eliminating LF.