Simultaneous Placement of Multiple Rooftop Solar PV Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations for Reliability Benefits
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Date
2023
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Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are known to be future mode of transportation because of their
environment-friendly nature. The increase in electric vehicle (EV) penetration needs to set up the new
charging stations to meet the demand. The EV charging shows the negative impact on distribution system
and system failures lead to the unavailability of power to charge EVs. The EVs not charging due to
system failure is to be considered but ignored in the previous studies. Incorporating the Vehicle-to-Grid
(V2G) technologies into charging station (CS) improves the system reliability. In this paper, solar rooftop
PV units are integrated with CSs to overcome the negative impacts of EV charging and further enhance
the reliability of the system. To extracts the maximum benefits from the solar PV integrated charging
stations (PVCS), optimal placement is done with objective of reliability improvement. EV reliability
is evaluated by using a novel index called as expected energy not charged (EENC). The reliability of
both distribution system and EVs are considered as objective functions simultaneously, hence, placement
problem becomes multi-objective. The optimal placement is done by considering different EV penetration
levels. A multi-objective Grasshopper optimization algorithm (MOGOA) is applied to solve the optimal
placement problem of PVCS. The EENS value is improved by 6.18% and 13.9% as compared to base
case for case 1 and case 2 respectively. The EENC is improved by 11.51% in case 2 as compared to case
1.