Browsing by Author "Yadav, N"

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    Comparative sequence analysis of SARS nCoV and SARS CoV genomes for variation in structural proteins
    (2022-12) Sangwan, J; Tripathi, S; Yadav, N; Kumar, Y; Sangwan, N
    SARS-nCoV was identified as corona virus had spread worldwide very quickly and affected more than million people world wide. To halt this acceleration and for efficient control the knowledge on genomic information is of utmost importance. We attempted to determine the nature of variation i.e., insertion, deletion, substitution, among structural sequences required to code for membrane, spike, nucleocapsid, envelope protein and glycosylation variation between SARS CoV and SARS nCoV spike glycoproteins, respectively. Comparative sequence analysis was performed by using retrieved sequences from the NCBI database. The analyzed sequences revealed, that the sequences coding for envelope protein show minor substituting amino acids. SARS CoV showed 94.74 percent amino acid identities with SARS nCoV amino acid sequences coding for envelope protein. In comparison to SARS nCoV, distinct amino acid residues vary in SARS CoV sequences coding for membrane, nucleocapsid, and spike proteins, respectively. S protein coding sequences of SARS CoV exhibited one deletion, six inser tion and six hundred three substitutions in SARS nCoV sequence. Insertion of valine was found in receptor binding domain of SARS nCoV at position 487, and NSPR amino acid residues at position 683–686. Deletions and substitutions were also found in nucleotide sequences of strain B.1.617.2 of SARS nCoV. Additionally, binding interaction pattern of ACE2 receptor protein with original wild-type SARS-CoV-2 strain with the recently evolved Omicron variant was also evaluated. The dock ing results substantiated that the specific variation in binding residues is likely to impact virulence pattern of both variants.
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    Comparative sequence analysis of SARS nCoV and SARS CoV genomes for variation in structural proteins
    (2022-12) Sangwan, J; Tripathi, S; Yadav, N; Kumar, Y
    SARS-nCoV was identifed as corona virus had spread worldwide very quickly and afected more than million people world wide. To halt this acceleration and for efcient control the knowledge on genomic information is of utmost importance. We attempted to determine the nature of variation i.e., insertion, deletion, substitution, among structural sequences required to code for membrane, spike, nucleocapsid, envelope protein and glycosylation variation between SARS CoV and SARS nCoV spike glycoproteins, respectively. Comparative sequence analysis was performed by using retrieved sequences from the NCBI database. The analyzed sequences revealed, that the sequences coding for envelope protein show minor substituting amino acids. SARS CoV showed 94.74 percent amino acid identities with SARS nCoV amino acid sequences coding for envelope protein. In comparison to SARS nCoV, distinct amino acid residues vary in SARS CoV sequences coding for membrane, nucleocapsid, and spike proteins, respectively. S protein coding sequences of SARS CoV exhibited one deletion, six inser tion and six hundred three substitutions in SARS nCoV sequence. Insertion of valine was found in receptor binding domain of SARS nCoV at position 487, and NSPR amino acid residues at position 683–686. Deletions and substitutions were also found in nucleotide sequences of strain B.1.617.2 of SARS nCoV. Additionally, binding interaction pattern of ACE2 receptor protein with original wild-type SARS-CoV-2 strain with the recently evolved Omicron variant was also evaluated. The dock ing results substantiated that the specifc variation in binding residues is likely to impact virulence pattern of both variant.
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    Diagnostic methods employing kidney biomarkers clinching biosensors as promising tools
    (2023-09) Yadav, N; Narang, J; Chhillar, A; Rana, J
    Worldwide, there has been an increasing prevalence of kidney disorders for several years. Kidney disorders are characterized by abnormal kidney biomarkers like uric acid, urea, cystatin C, creatinine, kidney injury molecule 1, C-related protein, etc., in the human body. A person suffering from kidney disorders is prone to several other serious health consequences, such as cardiac diseases and renal failure, which can lead to death. However, early diagnosis of kidney disorders requires effective disease management to prevent disease progression. Existing diagnostic techniques used for monitoring kidney biomarker concentration include chromatographic assays, spectroscopic assays, immunoassays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), etc. They also necessitate equipped laboratory infrastructure, specific instruments, highly trained personnel working on these instruments, and monitoring kidney patients. Hence, these are expensive and time-consuming. Since the past few decades, a number of biosensors, like electrochemical, optical, immunosensors, potentiometric, color imetric, etc., have been used to overcome the drawbacks of conventional and modern techniques. These bio sensing systems have many benefits, such as being cost-effective, quick, simple, highly sensitive, specific, requiring a minimum sample amount, reliable, and easy to miniaturize. This review article discusses the uses of effectual biosensors for kidney biomarker detection with their potential advantages and disadvantages. Future research needs to be implicated in developing highly advanced biosensors that must be sensitive, economical, and simple so that they can be used for on-site early detection of kidney biomarkers to assess kidney function.
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    Novel archetype in cancer therapeutics: exploring prospective of phytonanocarriers
    (2022-10) Yadav, N; Singh, D; Rawat, M; Sangwan, N
    This paper reports various types of cancer, their incidence, and prevalence all over the globe. Along with the discovery of novel natural drugs for cancer treatment, these present a promising option which are eco-friendly, safe, and provide bet ter acceptability in comparison to synthetic agents that carries multiple side effects. This paper provides an idea about various nanocarriers and phytochemicals, along with how their solubility and bioavailability can be enhanced in nanocar rier system. This report combines the data from various literature available on public domain including PubMed on research articles, reviews, and along with report from various national and international sites. Specialized metabolites (polyphenols, alkaloids, and steroids etc) from medicinal plants are promising alternatives to existing drugs. Studies have suggested that the treatment of cancer using plant products could be an alternative and a safe option. Studies have shown with the several cell lines as well as animal models, that phytomolecules are important in preventing/treating cancer. Phytochemicals often outperform chemical treatments by modulating a diverse array of cellular signaling pathways, promoting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis activation, and metastatic suppression, among others. However, limited water solubility, bioavailability, and cell penetration limit their potential clinical manifestations. The development of plant extract loaded nanostructures, rendering improved specificity and efficacy at lower concentrations could prove effective. Nanocarriers, such as liposomes, nanostruc tured lipids, polymers, and metal nanoparticles, have been tested for the delivery of plant products with enhanced effects. Recent advances have achieved improvement in the the stability, solubility, bioavailability, circulation time, and target specificity by nanostructure-mediated delivery of phytochemicals. Nanoparticles have been considered and attempted as a novel, targeted, and safe option. Newer approaches such as phyto-nanocarriers with carbohydrates, lignin, and polymers have been considered even more selective and effective modes of drug delivery in biomedical or diagnostic applications.
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    Recent advances in nanotechnology for the improvement of conventional agricultural systems: A review
    (2023-05) Yadav, N; Garg, V; Chhillar, A; Rana, J
    Agriculture provides food and raw materials for the construction, energy, textile and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, agriculture is facing several concerns including climate change, soil degradation, decreasing land holding, urbanization, unsustainable use of natural resources, excessive use of agrochemicals, biodiversity loss, air pollution etc. are some of alarming issues which demand immediate interventions. Conventional agricultural practices could not handle these challenges as they are complex, labour intensive, time-consuming, less efficient, large requirements of crop nutrients and non-targeted. Furthermore, the inefficient use of agrochemicals poses a serious threat to the ecosystem. Therefore, scientists, farmers and policymakers are constantly searching for new techniques to combat existing challenges. Nanotechnology is emerging as the new savior of sustainable agriculture. Besides precision farming, nanosensors have been employed for the detection of crop pathogens and chemically harmful analytes in agri-fields. Moreover, nanorobotics and nano-barcodes have also shown a profound impact on agriculture practices to enhance the yield of agriculture. Further, tremendous applications of nanotools in agriculture are extensively im plicated in bioimaging, sensing, photocatalysis and agrochemicals delivery. This review comprehensively discusses diverse tremendous applications of nanotechnology in overcoming the challenges of conventional agronomic prac tices and future prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture.