Browsing by Author "Singh, J"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Concurrent exposure to light and traffic noise pollution augments behavioral deficits in rats: Protective effect of curcumin
    (2024-04) Sharma, S; Singh, J; Kumar, D; Arora, M; Jangra, A
    The current study was aimed to explore the effect of light and traffic noise pollution exposure on behavioral and neurochemical deficits in adult male Wistar rats. We hypothesized that exposure to these pollutants alone or in combination may cause behavioral deficits in rats. Animals were allocated into different groups and were exposed to either varying light cycles (150 lx-5 lx, 14:10 h) or traffic noise with sound level 100 dBA for 6 h/day or both for 28 days. Concurrently, Curcumin (100 mg/kg; per oral; 28 days) was administered in varying light cycles and noise exposed animal groups to study the preventive effect. After the exposure time, the Morris water maze test, elevated plus maze test, novel object recognition test, locomotor activity test, and forced swimming test were conducted. The neurobehavioral results suggested that only combined exposure of light and noise pollution markedly impaired the learning as well as spatial and reference memory in rats. Furthermore, we found significant anxiety (less no. of open arm entries in EPM) and depressive-like behavior (increased immobility time) in light or/and traffic noise pollution exposed group animals in comparison to normal control groups. Curcumin treatment significantly prevented the behavioral anomalies in combined light and noise exposed rats. Furthermore, our results revealed augmentation of acetylcholinesterase, oxidative stress markers and interleukin (IL)-1β in the hippocampal region of noise and light-exposed groups which were markedly ameliorated by curcumin. In conclusion, our results suggest that curcumin significantly modulates light and noise pollution exposed behavioral and neurochemical anomalies in rats.
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    An Efficient Method to Decide the Malicious Traffic: A Voting-Based Efficient Method
    (2023) Kumar, A; Singh, J; Kumar, V
    To address the high rate of false alarms, this article proposed a voting-based method to efficiently predict intrusions in real time. To carry out this study, an intrusion detection dataset from UNSW was downloaded and preprocessed before being used. Given the number of features at hand and the large size of the dataset, performance was poor while accuracy was low. This low prediction accuracy led to the generation of false alerts, consequently, legitimate alerts used to pass without an action assuming them as false. To deal with large size and false alarms, the proposed voting-based feature reduction approach proved to be highly beneficial in reducing the dataset size by selecting only the features secured majority votes. Outcome collected prior to and following the application of the proposed model were compared. The findings reveal that the proposed approach required less time to predict, at the same time predicted accuracy was higher. The proposed approach will be extremely effective at detecting intrusions in real-time environments and mitigating the cyber-attacks.
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    Improving the Agronomic Value of Paddy Straw Using Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and Cow Dung
    (2023-07) Sharma, N; Singh, J; Singh, B
    The aimofthepresentstudywastoassesstheeffects of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and cow dung on the physicochemical quality of paddy straw composting which was carried out for 90 days. The different treatment groups were Paddy straw (T0), Paddy straw + Cow dung (T1), Paddy straw + Cow dung + Eisenia fetida (T2), Paddy straw + Cow dung + Trichoderma harzianum (T3), Paddy straw + Cow dung + Eisenia fetida + Trichoderma harzianum (T4). The ratio of cowdungandpaddystrawwas2:1. Amongalltreatments, T4 was identified as the best treatment for decomposing the paddy straw as it recovered the nutrients within the recommended levels of a high quality product. The consortium of Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and cow dung lowered the total organic carbon (TOC)andC:Nratioby28.8%and33.1%,respectively, atpH6.5. TheincreaseinN (0.87%), P (0.47%), K (2.66%), Ca (0.033%), Mg (0.056%) and Na (0.42%) was significant in T4 treatment. Themicronutrients, namely Cu(47.9 ppm), Fe(1128ppm)andZn(500ppm),alsoshowedasignificant increase in this treatment, i.e., T4. Therefore, results suggested that combinatorial composting by Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and cow dung is quite promising in the decomposition of paddy straw to obtain quality compost in a short time. Furthermore, this study will help in the sustainable management of paddy straw with concomitant reduction inenvironmental pollution caused by the open burning of paddy straw.
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    Improving the Agronomic Value of Paddy Straw Using Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and Cow Dung
    (2023-07) Sharma, N; Singh, J; Singh, B
    The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and cow dung on the physicochemical quality of paddy straw composting which was carried out for 90 days. The different treatment groups were Paddy straw (T0 ), Paddy straw + Cow dung (T1 ), Paddy straw + Cow dung + Eisenia fetida (T2 ), Paddy straw + Cow dung + Trichoderma harzianum (T3 ), Paddy straw + Cow dung + Eisenia fetida + Trichoderma harzianum (T4 ). The ratio of cow dung and paddy straw was 2:1. Among all treatments, T4 was identified as the best treatment for decomposing the paddy straw as it recovered the nutrients within the recommended levels of a high quality product. The consortium of Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and cow dung lowered the total organic carbon (TOC) and C:N ratio by 28.8% and 33.1%, respectively, at pH 6.5. The increase in N (0.87%), P (0.47%), K (2.66%), Ca (0.033%), Mg (0.056%) and Na (0.42%) was significant in T4 treatment. The micronutrients, namely Cu (47.9 ppm), Fe (1128 ppm) and Zn (500 ppm), also showed a significant increase in this treatment, i.e., T4 . Therefore, results suggested that combinatorial composting by Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and cow dung is quite promising in the decomposition of paddy straw to obtain quality compost in a short time. Furthermore, this study will help in the sustainable management of paddy straw with concomitant reduction inenvironmental pollution caused by the open burning of paddy straw.
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    Production of ethanol, lipid and lactic acid from mixed agrowastes hydrolysate
    (2023) Singh, J; Sharma, A; Sharma, P; Tomar, G
    To combat the shortage of single agro-residue and overcome the problem of seasonal availability, it is beneficial to use mixture of ligno cellulosic biomasses. In the present study, efforts were made to use mixed lignocellulosic biomass for production of bioethanol, along with microbial lipids and lactic acid. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed biomass at varied proportions it was observed that mixture of paddy straw and jute in the ratio 3:1 resulted in best sugar yield (41.50 g/L) at 10% substrate loading. Ethanolic fermentation of mixed substrate hydrolysate by thermotolerant yeast, Saccharomyces cerevi siae JRC6 resulted in 8.39 g/L of ethanol. To maintain sustainability and economic impact, oleaginous yeast (Trichosporon mycotoxinivor ans S2) and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum LP-9) were used for lipid production (14.5 g/L) and lactic acid production (11.08 g/L), respectively. Therefore, this study explored the potential of mixed lignocellulosic biomass to be exploited for production of various value-added products.