Browsing by Author "Iquebal, M"

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    Genome-Wide Analysis and Evolutionary Perspective of the Cytokinin Dehydrogenase Gene Family in Wheat
    (2022-08) Jain, P; Singh, A; Iquebal, M; Jaiswal, S; Kumar, S; Kumar, D
    Cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX; EC.1.5.99.12) regulates the level of cytokinin (CK) in plants and is involved in CK regulatory activities. In different plants, a small gene family encodes CKX proteins with varied numbers of members. The segenes are expanded in the genome mainly due to segmental duplication events. Despite their biological importance, CKX genes in Triticum aestivum have yet to be studied in depth. A total of 11 CKX subfamilies were identified with similar gene structures, motifs, domains, cis-acting elements, and an average signal peptide of 25 amino acid length was found. Introns, ranging from one to four, were present in the coding regions at a similar interval in major CKX genes. Putative cis-elements such as abscisic acid, auxin, salicylic acid, and low temperature-, drought-, and light-responsive cis-regulatory elements were found in the promoter region of majority CKX genes. Variation in the expression pattern of CKX genes were identified across different tissues in Triticum. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the same subfamily of CKX clustered into a similar clade that reflects their evolutionary relationship. We performed a genome-wide identification of CKX family members in the Triticum aestivum genome to get their chromosomal location, gene structure, cis-element, phylogeny, synteny, and tissue- and stage-specific expression along with gene ontology. This study has also elaborately described the tissue- and stage-specific expression and is the resource for further analysis of CKX in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stress resistance, growth, and development in Triticum and other cereals to endeavor for higher production and proper management.
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    Unveiling the Wheat Microbiome under Varied Agricultural Field Conditions
    (2022-11) Jaiswal, S; Aneja, B; Jagannadham, J; Pandey, B; Chhokar, RS; Gill, S; Ahlawat, O; Kumar, A; Angadi, U.B; Rai, A; Tiwari, R; Iquebal, M; Kumar, D
    Wheat being the important staple food crop plays a significant role in nutritional security. A wide variety of microbial communities beneficial to plants and contributing to plant health and production are found in the rhizosphere. The wheat microbiome encompasses an extensive variety of microbial species playing a key role in sustaining the physiology of the crop, nutrient uptake, and biotic/abiotic stress resilience. This report presents wheat microbiome analysis under six different farm practices, namely, organic (Org), timely sown (TS), wheat after pulse crop (WAPC), tem perature-controlled phenotyping facility (TCPF), maize-wheat cropping system (MW), and residue burnt field (Bur), using 16S rRNA sequencing methodology. The soil sam ples collected from either side of the wheat row were mixed to get a final sample set for DNA extraction under each condition. After the data preprocessing, microbial com munity analysis was performed, followed by functional analysis and annotation. An abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria was observed, followed by Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, andGemmatimonadetes in the majority of the samples, while relative abundance was found to vary at the genus level. Analysis against the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZy) database showed a high number of glycoside hydrolase genes in the TS, TCPF, and WAPC samples, while the Org, MW, and Bur samples predomi nantly had glycosyltransferase genes and carbohydrate esterase genes were in the low est numbers. Also, the Org and TCPF samples showed lower diversity, while rare and abundant species ranged from 12 to 25% and 20 to 32% of the total bacterial species in all the sets, respectively. These variations indicate that the different cropping sequence had a significant impact on soil microbial diversity and community composi tion, which characterizes its economic and environmental value as a sustainable agri cultural approach to maintaining food security and ecosystem health.