Browsing by Author "Chhillar, A"

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    Diagnostic methods employing kidney biomarkers clinching biosensors as promising tools
    (2023-09) Yadav, N; Narang, J; Chhillar, A; Rana, J
    Worldwide, there has been an increasing prevalence of kidney disorders for several years. Kidney disorders are characterized by abnormal kidney biomarkers like uric acid, urea, cystatin C, creatinine, kidney injury molecule 1, C-related protein, etc., in the human body. A person suffering from kidney disorders is prone to several other serious health consequences, such as cardiac diseases and renal failure, which can lead to death. However, early diagnosis of kidney disorders requires effective disease management to prevent disease progression. Existing diagnostic techniques used for monitoring kidney biomarker concentration include chromatographic assays, spectroscopic assays, immunoassays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), etc. They also necessitate equipped laboratory infrastructure, specific instruments, highly trained personnel working on these instruments, and monitoring kidney patients. Hence, these are expensive and time-consuming. Since the past few decades, a number of biosensors, like electrochemical, optical, immunosensors, potentiometric, color imetric, etc., have been used to overcome the drawbacks of conventional and modern techniques. These bio sensing systems have many benefits, such as being cost-effective, quick, simple, highly sensitive, specific, requiring a minimum sample amount, reliable, and easy to miniaturize. This review article discusses the uses of effectual biosensors for kidney biomarker detection with their potential advantages and disadvantages. Future research needs to be implicated in developing highly advanced biosensors that must be sensitive, economical, and simple so that they can be used for on-site early detection of kidney biomarkers to assess kidney function.
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    Recent advances in nanotechnology for the improvement of conventional agricultural systems: A review
    (2023-05) Yadav, N; Garg, V; Chhillar, A; Rana, J
    Agriculture provides food and raw materials for the construction, energy, textile and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, agriculture is facing several concerns including climate change, soil degradation, decreasing land holding, urbanization, unsustainable use of natural resources, excessive use of agrochemicals, biodiversity loss, air pollution etc. are some of alarming issues which demand immediate interventions. Conventional agricultural practices could not handle these challenges as they are complex, labour intensive, time-consuming, less efficient, large requirements of crop nutrients and non-targeted. Furthermore, the inefficient use of agrochemicals poses a serious threat to the ecosystem. Therefore, scientists, farmers and policymakers are constantly searching for new techniques to combat existing challenges. Nanotechnology is emerging as the new savior of sustainable agriculture. Besides precision farming, nanosensors have been employed for the detection of crop pathogens and chemically harmful analytes in agri-fields. Moreover, nanorobotics and nano-barcodes have also shown a profound impact on agriculture practices to enhance the yield of agriculture. Further, tremendous applications of nanotools in agriculture are extensively im plicated in bioimaging, sensing, photocatalysis and agrochemicals delivery. This review comprehensively discusses diverse tremendous applications of nanotechnology in overcoming the challenges of conventional agronomic prac tices and future prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture.